Kazakhstan

Tap water in Almaty is treated but aging pipes and occasional contamination make it risky for tourists; drink bottled or well-filtered water, avoid ice, and use bottled/filtered water for brushing teeth and washing produce.

Tap water in Nur-Sultan is treated but aging pipes and occasional quality issues mean tourists should mainly use bottled or filtered water for drinking; tap water is generally fine for showering and brushing teeth. Avoid using tap water for ice and wash fruit with bottled or boiled water.

Water treatment meets standards, but aging pipes can introduce contaminants. Stick to bottled or filtered water.

Water treatment meets standards, but aging pipes can introduce contaminants. Stick to bottled or filtered water.